Taaruf
High blood pressure, jise hypertension bhi kaha jata hai, aik aisi halat hai jahan shariyan ki deewaron ke khilaf khoon ki quwwat musalsal bohat zyada hoti hai. Blood pressure ko millimetre mercury (mmHg) mein mapaya jata hai aur ise do numberon ke tor par record kiya jata hai:
- Systolic pressure (oper wala number): dil ki dharkan ke dauran dabao ki pemaish karta hai
- Diastolic pressure (neeche wala number): dil ki dharkanon ke darmiyan dabao ki pemaish karta hai
Normal blood pressure 120/80 mmHg se kam hai. High blood pressure ki tashkhees us waqt hoti hai jab blood pressure musalsal 130/80 mmHg ya us se zyada ho.
High blood pressure ko aksar "khamosh qatil" kaha jata hai kyunke is mein aam tor par koi alamat nahi hoti lekin yeh dil ki bimari, falij aur garda ki nakami jaise sangin sehat ke masail ka baant ban sakta hai.
Alamat
High blood pressure ke zyada tar afraad mein koi alamat nahi hoti, yahan tak ke jab readings khatarnak had tak zyada hon. Taham, kuch afraad ko tajurba ho sakta hai:
* Shadeed sir dard
* Saans lene mein dushwari
* Naak se khoon aana
* Chehre ki redness
* Chakar aana
* Seenay mein dard
* Basri tabdiliyan
* Peshab mein khoon
* Thakawat
* Ba-tarteeb dil ki dharkan
Yeh alamat aam tor par sirf us waqt hoti hain jab blood pressure khatarnak had tak buland satah par pahunch jata hai aur fori tibi imdad ki zaroorat hoti hai.
Wajoohat
High blood pressure ki wajoohat mein shamil hain:
Primary (Essential) Hypertension:
* Koi qabil-e-shanakht wajah nahi
* Kai salon mein aahista aahista taraqqi karta hai
* Jeenyati awamil
* Umar se mutaliq tabdiliyan
* Tarz-e-zindagi ke awamil
Secondary Hypertension:
* Garda ki bimari
* Adrenal gland ke tumors
* Thyroid ke masail
* Neend ki kami (Sleep apnea)
* Baaz adwiyat (pedaish par qabu paney ki goliyan, decongestants)
* Ghair qanooni adwiyat (cocaine, amphetamines)
* Hamal (preeclampsia)
* Pedaishi dil ke nuqso
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Abhi Rabta KareinKhatre Ke Awamil
High blood pressure ke khatre ke awamil mein shamil hain:
Qabil-e-tabdeel khatre ke awamil:
* Zyada wazan ya motapa
* Jismani ghair-faaliyat
* Zyada sodium (namak) wali ghiza
* Kam potassium wali ghiza
* Zaroorat se zyada sharab noshi
* Cigarette noshi
* Tanav
* Neend ki kami (Sleep apnea)
* High cholesterol
Ghair qabil-e-tabdeel khatre ke awamil:
* Umar (umar ke sath khatra barhta hai)
* Khandani tareekh
* Jins (mard 64 saal ki umar tak zyada khatre mein hain)
* Nasal (baaz naslon mein zyada phelao)
* Jeenyat
Ghair control shuda high blood pressure ki pechidgiyan:
* Dil ka dora
* Falij
* Garda ka nuqsan
* Basarat ka nuqsan
* Dil ki nakami
* Aneurysm
Tashkhees
Blood pressure ko sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) ka istemal karte huye mapaya jata hai. Tashkhees mukhtalif dinon mein li gayi mutaaddid readings par mabni hai:
Blood pressure ki aqsam (American Heart Association):
* Normal: 120/80 mmHg se kam
* Buland: 120-129/80 mmHg se kam
* Stage 1 Hypertension: 130-139/80-89 mmHg
* Stage 2 Hypertension: 140/90 mmHg ya us se zyada
* Hypertensive Crisis: 180/120 mmHg se zyada (hungami)
Izafi tests mein shamil ho sakte hain:
* Peshab ke tests
* Khoon ke tests (cholesterol, potassium, garda ka function)
* Electrocardiogram (ECG)
* Echocardiogram
* Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24 ghante ki nigrani)
Darust tashkhees aur intizam ke liye ghar par baqaidagi blood pressure ki nigrani ki safarish ki jati hai.