High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

Taaruf

High blood pressure, jise hypertension bhi kaha jata hai, aik aisi halat hai jahan shariyan ki deewaron ke khilaf khoon ki quwwat musalsal bohat zyada hoti hai. Blood pressure ko millimetre mercury (mmHg) mein mapaya jata hai aur ise do numberon ke tor par record kiya jata hai:
- Systolic pressure (oper wala number): dil ki dharkan ke dauran dabao ki pemaish karta hai
- Diastolic pressure (neeche wala number): dil ki dharkanon ke darmiyan dabao ki pemaish karta hai

Normal blood pressure 120/80 mmHg se kam hai. High blood pressure ki tashkhees us waqt hoti hai jab blood pressure musalsal 130/80 mmHg ya us se zyada ho.

High blood pressure ko aksar "khamosh qatil" kaha jata hai kyunke is mein aam tor par koi alamat nahi hoti lekin yeh dil ki bimari, falij aur garda ki nakami jaise sangin sehat ke masail ka baant ban sakta hai.

Alamat

High blood pressure ke zyada tar afraad mein koi alamat nahi hoti, yahan tak ke jab readings khatarnak had tak zyada hon. Taham, kuch afraad ko tajurba ho sakta hai:
* Shadeed sir dard
* Saans lene mein dushwari
* Naak se khoon aana
* Chehre ki redness
* Chakar aana
* Seenay mein dard
* Basri tabdiliyan
* Peshab mein khoon
* Thakawat
* Ba-tarteeb dil ki dharkan

Yeh alamat aam tor par sirf us waqt hoti hain jab blood pressure khatarnak had tak buland satah par pahunch jata hai aur fori tibi imdad ki zaroorat hoti hai.

Wajoohat

High blood pressure ki wajoohat mein shamil hain:

Primary (Essential) Hypertension:
* Koi qabil-e-shanakht wajah nahi
* Kai salon mein aahista aahista taraqqi karta hai
* Jeenyati awamil
* Umar se mutaliq tabdiliyan
* Tarz-e-zindagi ke awamil

Secondary Hypertension:
* Garda ki bimari
* Adrenal gland ke tumors
* Thyroid ke masail
* Neend ki kami (Sleep apnea)
* Baaz adwiyat (pedaish par qabu paney ki goliyan, decongestants)
* Ghair qanooni adwiyat (cocaine, amphetamines)
* Hamal (preeclampsia)
* Pedaishi dil ke nuqso

Khatre Ke Awamil

High blood pressure ke khatre ke awamil mein shamil hain:

Qabil-e-tabdeel khatre ke awamil:
* Zyada wazan ya motapa
* Jismani ghair-faaliyat
* Zyada sodium (namak) wali ghiza
* Kam potassium wali ghiza
* Zaroorat se zyada sharab noshi
* Cigarette noshi
* Tanav
* Neend ki kami (Sleep apnea)
* High cholesterol

Ghair qabil-e-tabdeel khatre ke awamil:
* Umar (umar ke sath khatra barhta hai)
* Khandani tareekh
* Jins (mard 64 saal ki umar tak zyada khatre mein hain)
* Nasal (baaz naslon mein zyada phelao)
* Jeenyat

Ghair control shuda high blood pressure ki pechidgiyan:
* Dil ka dora
* Falij
* Garda ka nuqsan
* Basarat ka nuqsan
* Dil ki nakami
* Aneurysm

Tashkhees

Blood pressure ko sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) ka istemal karte huye mapaya jata hai. Tashkhees mukhtalif dinon mein li gayi mutaaddid readings par mabni hai:

Blood pressure ki aqsam (American Heart Association):
* Normal: 120/80 mmHg se kam
* Buland: 120-129/80 mmHg se kam
* Stage 1 Hypertension: 130-139/80-89 mmHg
* Stage 2 Hypertension: 140/90 mmHg ya us se zyada
* Hypertensive Crisis: 180/120 mmHg se zyada (hungami)

Izafi tests mein shamil ho sakte hain:
* Peshab ke tests
* Khoon ke tests (cholesterol, potassium, garda ka function)
* Electrocardiogram (ECG)
* Echocardiogram
* Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24 ghante ki nigrani)

Darust tashkhees aur intizam ke liye ghar par baqaidagi blood pressure ki nigrani ki safarish ki jati hai.

Ilaaj

High blood pressure ka ilaaj blood pressure ko mehfooz satah tak kam karne ke liye hai:

Tarz-e-zindagi mein tabdiliyan:
* Wazan mein kami (agar zyada wazan ya motapa hai)
* DASH Diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)
* Sodium ki miqdar mein kami
* Baqaidagi jismani sargarmi (kam az kam 150 minute/hafte)
* Sharab ko mehdood karna
* Cigarette noshi tark karna
* Tanav ka intizam
* Munasib neend

Adwiyat:
* Diuretics (pani ki goliyan)
* ACE inhibitors
* Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
* Calcium channel blockers
* Beta-blockers
* Alpha-blockers
* Renin inhibitors
* Murakkab adwiyat

Hungami ilaaj:
* Hypertensive crisis (180/120 ya us se zyada) ke liye, fori hospital mein dakhilay ki zaroorat ho sakti hai
* IV adwiyat
* Qareebi nigrani

Ilaaj aam tor par zindagi bhar jari rehta hai aur is ke liye baqaidagi nigrani aur adjustments ki zaroorat hoti hai.

Bachao

High blood pressure ke liye ehtiyati tadabeer:

1. Sehatmand ghiza:
* Phalon, sabziyon aur pooray anaj se bharpoor ghiza khayein
* Kam chiknai wali doodh ki masnoaat ka intikhab karein
* Sodium (namak) ki miqdar ko 2,300 mg din se kam karein
* Potassium ki miqdar mein izafa karein
* Saturated fats aur cholesterol ko mehdood karein

2. Baqaidagi jismani sargarmi:
* Hafte mein kam az kam 150 minute motadil warzish
* Aerobic sargarmiyan jaise chahal-qadmi, jogging ya tairna shamil karein
* Hafte mein do baar taaqat ki tarbiyat

3. Sehatmand wazan:
* BMI 18.5-24.9 ke darmiyan rakhein
* Mamooli wazan mein kami bhi blood pressure ko numaya tor par kam kar sakti hai

4. Sharab ko mehdood karein:
* Mard: din mein 2 se zyada mashroobat nahi
* Khwateen: din mein 1 se zyada mashroobat nahi

5. Cigarette noshi tark karein:
* Cigarette noshi blood pressure ko barhati hai aur khoon ki naliyon ko nuqsan pahunchati hai
* Cigarette noshi chhorhne ke liye madad hasil karein

6. Tanav ka intizam karein:
* Aaram ki techniqueon par amal karein
* Munasib neend lein
* Waqfa lein aur kaam aur zindagi ka tawazun barqarar rakhein

7. Baqaidagi sehat ki screening:
* Blood pressure ko baqaidagi se check karein
* Cholesterol aur blood sugar ki satah ki nigrani karein

Pechidgiyan

Ghair control shuda high blood pressure sangin pechidgiyon ka baant ban sakta hai:

* Dil ka dora: Kam khoon ke behao se dil ke pathon ko nuqsan
* Falij: Band ya phuti hui khoon ki naliyon se dimagh ko nuqsan
* Dil ki nakami: Dil kaafi khoon pump nahi kar sakta
* Garda ka nuqsan: Garda kharab ho jate hain aur nakam ho sakte hain
* Basarat ka nuqsan: Aankhon mein khoon ki naliyon ko nuqsan
* Aneurysm: Khoon ki naliyon ki deewaron ka kamzor hona
* Metabolic Syndrome: Halaton ka majmooa jo dil ki bimari ke khatre ko barhata hai
* Vascular Dementia: Dimagh mein khoon ke behao mein kami
* Peripheral Artery Disease: Aaza mein khoon ki naliyon ka tang hona
* Angina: Dil mein khoon ke behao mein kami ki wajah se seenay mein dard

Doctor Se Kab Rujoo Karein

Doctor se mashwara karein agar aap ko tajurba ho:

* Blood pressure ki readings musalsal 130/80 mmHg se zyada
* Shadeed sir dard, saans lene mein dushwari, ya basri tabdiliyan jaisi alamat
* High blood pressure ya dil ki bimari ki khandani tareekh
* Buland khatre ke awamil (motapa, cigarette noshi, bethay rehne ka tarz-e-zindagi)
* Hamal se mutaliq high blood pressure
* Blood pressure ki adwiyat ke mazir asraat

Hungami dekh-bhal (1122 call karein ya ER jayein):
* Blood pressure 180/120 mmHg ya us se zyada
* Seenay mein dard ya dabao
* Saans lene mein dushwari
* Uljhan ke sath shadeed sir dard
* Aik taraf behisi ya kamzori
* Bolne mein dushwari
* Basri tabdiliyan

Baqaidagi nigrani aur follow-up dekh-bhal high blood pressure ko moassar tareeqay se intizam karne ke liye zaroori hai.

Aksar Pochay Gaye Sawalat